Wickfords Electrical · Design Tool

Cable Size & Voltage Drop Calculator

Find the smallest copper cable that safely carries a load and keeps voltage drop within limits, for a given run length and installation method. Results update as you type.

Load & circuit

The design current the cable needs to carry, and the phase configuration.

Single-phase (230V)
Three-phase (400V)
Don't know the current? Calculate it from load power

Cable run & installation

Copper, PVC-insulated conductors. One-way cable run length.

One-way distance from DB to load

Correction factors

Derating for ambient temperature and cables grouped together.

Table rating is based on 30°C
Number of loaded circuits bunched/touching
Ready
Recommended cable size
mm²
CURRENT CAPACITY– / – A
Required current (after derating) vs. cable's rated capacity
VOLTAGE DROP–% of –% limit
Actual drop vs. allowable limit for this circuit type
Design current (Ib)
Required rating after derating (It)
Cable tabulated rating (Iz)
Correction factor applied
Voltage drop
How this calculator works

1. Current-carrying capacity (ampacity) check

The cable must be able to carry the design current continuously without overheating. Ambient temperature and grouping with other circuits both reduce a cable's safe carrying capacity, so the design current is scaled up before comparing it against the cable's rated (tabulated) capacity.

It = Ib ÷ (Ca × Cg)

The smallest cable whose tabulated rating (Iz) is ≥ It is selected.

2. Voltage drop check

Even if a cable can carry the current safely, a long run can drop too much voltage before it reaches the load. If the selected cable's voltage drop exceeds the allowable percentage, the calculator steps up to the next cable size and re-checks.

Vd = (mV/A/m × Ib × L) ÷ 1000

Typical allowable voltage drop

  • Lighting circuits: 3% of nominal voltage
  • Power / other circuits: 5% of nominal voltage

Reference values used

Current ratings and mV/A/m figures are typical values for PVC-insulated copper conductors, based on commonly published IEC/SANS-style reference tables (30°C ambient, single circuit). They are indicative for preliminary sizing only.

This tool provides an indicative cable size based on typical published current-carrying capacity and voltage drop tables for PVC-insulated copper conductors. It does not replace the current SANS 10142-1 tables, correction factors specific to your exact installation method, or professional judgement. Always verify the final cable selection against SANS 10142-1 and have the design reviewed by a qualified electrician before installation.